The disaster recovery plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The disaster recovery plan - Assignment Example The one-story building is constructed of cement block, with no windows, and meets all hurricane-related building codes. The clinic does accept animals for boarding when a hurricane threatens, as public shelters for local residents do not allow animals. When developing a sound disaster recovery plan, there are systematic measures an organization must take to accomplish this task. One of the first such method is developing preventative measures that function to aid the organization ahead of time. In terms of the veterinary clinic adequate preventative measures include ensuring that the building is current with hurricane protection standards and that it is properly insured. While an organization cannot prevent a hurricane from occurring that can prevent further structural damage from occurring by making sure that these building codes are up to contemporary standards, and are insured in case of a potential failure. Special consideration must be given to the nature of the business as hous ing animals. Proper preventative measures will ensure that the structure is either strong enough to withstand a hurricane, and if it is deemed not, that there will be adequate measures developed for animal transportation. In these regards, the disaster care plan will ensure that the animals can be temporarily moved to a veterinary clinic outside the immediate county through the aid of a UHAUL truck.

Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essay Example for Free

Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essay Argument for the use of consensual relationship agreements (CRAs) in my current (or future) workplace Consensual Relationship Agreement (CRA) is a contract that both employees involved a romantic relationship sign to acknowledge that their relationship is voluntary and that they will abide by the policies of the company regarding anti-harassment and anti-discrimination. (Hellriegel Slocum ,2011). Office romance should be addressed in a more constructive and professional way just like behaviors such as attendance, dress codes, and non-disclosure agreements. If one can argue that it is perfectly acceptable for employees with personal challenges (such as death in the family, childbirth, sick family member) to receive assistance and, support in the form of personal time-off from work then it must be reasonable for other employees who become romantically involved to get some type of support from their employers. The risks of office romance can better be mitigated if the risk factors are known and managed. So, for example, lawsuits from employees who claim they were coerced into an office romance and disadvantaged by it would be avoided because employees signed the CRAs of their own volition. Allegations from other employees of real or imagined favoritism from a supervisor to a subordinate with whom he or she is romantically involved would be averted because HR would have already taken steps to ensure this does not happen. By creating a mechanism which provides specific and detailed guidelines for professional workplace behavior, HR professionals are able to educate and caution employees about appropriate or inappropriate workplace etiquettes. Privacy issues or lack thereof, as related to dating in the workplace would also be appropriately addressed with the employees involved so they cannot claim that were unfairly treated. Another compelling reason why one should argue for CRAs in their workplaces is that in light of the legal ramifications of the rights of employees in the workplace, CRAs become an expedient and prudent way to protect the interest of an organization and simultaneously provide safe and meaningful ways for employees to freely explore and express their sentiments for others who might feel the same way. Organizations spend a lot of time and resources on strategic planning and forecasting. The purpose of such planning is to position the organization to accomplish two major goals: stay abreast with, or ahead of, the competitive marketplace and change current processes and approaches that are not yielding desired, or expected results. These are proactive steps to assure progress and success. CRAs facilitate and enhance such strategic plans by staying ahead of a changing workplace in the modern age and ensuring that valuable human resources will not be lost and thereby jeopardize more important organizational goals and objectives. CRAs provide a framework for responsible behavior by employees, particularly, supervisors. It fosters a win-win work environment for employees who happen to be romantically involved with each other and for employers to provide guidance and direction for appropriate workplace behavioral expectations. By bringing the relationship into the open the employees involved would not feel pressure to go to great lengths to hide their relationship and could focus on being productive. Conversely, these employees would become pre-occupied with finding ways to hide their relationships if the company did not encourage workplace romance. Create a counter argument against the use of CRAs in your current (or future) workplace. Office romance must be forbidden in the workplace because it simply raises too many avoidable issues in the workplace. By its very nature, office romance predisposes employees involved to compromise their rational objective behaviors because their non-objective emotional senses tend to dominate their thoughts and actions. Romantic relationships are the result of spontaneous human behavior; they are not preconceived and therefore cannot be regulated or contained by contracts. Making CRAs a condition for employment is also not a good idea because, over time, the restrictions become unbearable and the parties involved find out that they are better off in different organizations where their actions and whereabouts will no longer be scrutinized by an assigned HR person. CRAs are tantamount to indirect employment agreement in that they indirectly impose restrictions on the individuals involved in the relationship and seek to protect the interest of the organization at the expense of the people who happen to be emotionally attracted to each other and choose to express those sentiments in an open and liberating way. CRAs simply become ineffective tools because the employees who even agree to sign them often find ways to secretly engage in behaviors that result in lapses in judgment because they are emotionally charged. In many respects, CRAs are intrusive and inherently designed to discourage workplace romance. By their very nature they put restrictions on a human behavior that is designed to be spontaneous and natural. Organizations are not equipped to handle issues of the heart and neither should they start now. Organizations need to focus on what they do best, increasing shareholder value and accomplishing other strategic goals and objectives. Discuss the ethical principles involved in the use of CRAs. There are many perspectives and convictions about what is, or is not ethical. However, there are no universally accepted principles and rules for resolving all ethical issues (Hellriegel Slocum ,2011). In a country with such great freedom of expression, one can only imagine the diversity of opinions and positions regarding the factors that drive people’s decisions and formulate their ethics. The range of such factors is as wide as the differences in people and this is reflected in the diversity of ethical principles. However, for the purposes of this paper only a handful of relevant ethics based principles Utilitarian, Professional Standards, Disclosure and Distributive principles will be considered: Utilitarian principle focuses on the magnitude, extent and impact of harm versus good of decisions that are made. The final decision is predicated on the weight of good versus bad – the greatest good for the greatest number (Hellriegel Slocum , 2011). On the basis of this principle, CRAs are believed to generate more good than harm for those who choose to engage in office romance. Disclosure Principle – This principle focuses on how most people in society will react to the details of a decision when it becomes public knowledge. Most organizations take social responsibility very seriously and will do their very best to garner positive public image. Consequently CRAs are viewed favorably by such organizations. Distributive Principle – This principle is predicated on fairness. The thrust of CRAs is a win-win arrangement for both the organization and the individual because most organizations generally perceive CRAs to be fair. Create at least one (1) other option besides CRAs that would address workplace romances. The only other option for workplace romances that may be plausible is for the organization to develop a set of policies based on the organization interest principle which focuses on the basis of what is good for the organization (Hellriegel Slocum , 2011). With this option, employees are expected to disclose any potential or actual conflict interest to the human resource professional within the organization. Conflict of interest covers a broad range of behaviors; however, this paper will focus on personal conflict of interest which stresses zero tolerance for discrimination and sexual harassment. This alternative approach to workplace romances would requires that an employee may not supervise someone with whom they have a close personal relationship such as anyone in their family, household or someone with whom they have or had a romantic relationship or other close personal relationship. Additionally, if one were to supervise someone even indirectly with whom they had one of the relationships described above, one must disclose the relationship promptly. Any acts of discrimination, sexual harassment or other harassment based on race, color, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation would be addressed under a zero tolerance policy.

Saudi Women Essay -- Saudi Arabia

Abstract Saudi Arabia is one of the few countries that set specific laws regarding women only. A woman is considered to be a second class citizen who must depend on a male relative in all situations. Until recently, women did not have their own identification cards separate from those of their fathers' or husbands'. Women were also limited to certain levels of education such as elementary or secondary school levels. More than that, they were restricted to limited job opportunities. The laws also prohibit a woman from driving a car regardless of her age or whatever situation she may face. She must be driven by a man. This system worked well in the early days of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia when it became a nation in 1932, but it causes major difficulties and constraints in today's world. For example, a woman having her identification card connected to her husband's makes it hard for her in cases of traveling or performing businesses. Moreover, it is not always easy for a woman to find someone who can give her a ride, especially if she is working in a job. Furthermore, not all families can afford hiring a driver. Because these rules set for Saudi women resulted in major restrictions, the Saudi government is considering improving them. Although the Saudi government is working on granting women some of their rights in the Saudi society, many people still argue that the situation in Saudi Arabia is static. The following essay discusses the progress of women's issues in the kingdom. IDENTIFICATION CARDS There has been much progress in women's rights in Saudi Arabia in the last few years. One of the most important events in the year 2001 was issuing women identity cards. Before that, Saudi women were listed on the papers of a male... ...le consider that not the government. 4) Do you think Saudi men and women are treated equally? Give a reason to support you’re answer. No they are not treated equally. Women cant do anything without a man!! 5) Do you think Saudi Arabia has evolved regarding women? Yes 6) What do you think of Saudi Arabia’s education for women? is it developing? It used to be bad but now its developing rapidly. 7) Do you think women should drive in Saudi? And list why? Some times driving is necessary like driving to the emergency moreover a lot of people cant afford drivers. 8) Are there enough job opportunity for women in Saudi? Yes. 9) Do you think women should only be house wifes? No 10) Do you think that Saudi’s development regarding women is slow?why? Yes, buts its getting faster by time. It is slow because people in Saudi Arabia do not accept change quickly.

Strategic Drift

Identify four organisations that, in your view, are in the different phases of strategic drift (see Exhibit 5. 2). Justify your selection. Strategic drift, as defined by Gerry Johnson in Exploring Corporate Strategy, is the tendency to develop strategies incrementally on the basis of historical and cultural influences, while failing to keep pace with a changing environment. In such circumstances the strategy of the organization gradually drifts away from the realities of its environment and towards an internally determined view of the world of management. Strategic drift occurs when a company, especially one that has enjoyed considerable success, responds far too slowly to changes in the external environment and continues with the strategy that once served it very well. There are four phases in strategic drift; incremental change (phase 1), strategic drift (phase 2), flux (phase 3) and transformational change or death (phase 4). Phase 1 is characterized by relatively long periods during which strategies are either unchanged or change incrementally. This change is generally in keeping with the environment or may have slight variations around a successful theme as the company avoids drifting too far from some past successes. In phase 2 the environment grows at a faster rate than the firm’s strategies. This may occur for several reasons, that is ; while one may be aware that changes are happening, the extent may not be so easily appreciated except in hindsight or as reflected through the financials; it could also be that while the changes are observed they are interpreted in terms of the familiar thus resulting in the wrong conclusion being drawn. There is also the situation where although the firm may see the environmental drift, it refuses to align as it binds itself to the successful strategies of the past. These strategies become the company’s core around which it revolves and has its competitive advantage. Another contributory factor can also be unwillingness of the firm to alter the current relationships with suppliers, customer base or the internal skills to align with the market. Phase 3 may be a period of flux as management pressured to alter the firm’s strategies in response to downturn in profit does so but not in any clear direction. Internal rivalry may be high as solutions are sought to determine which strategy to follow. There may also be loss of confidence in the company resulting in lowering share prices. As the situation worsens there are three options in phase 4. The firm can die, be taken over by another organization or simply go through a period of transformational change. Motorola found itself in phase 4 of the strategic drift in the late 90’s as in response to depressed profits it was forced to conduct a series of layoffs, restructures and restrategising before transforming. According to Sydney Finkelstein article on â€Å"Why smart executives fail†, Motorola which was founded in 1928 has had a long tradition of technological innovations. It solidified its reputation as a world leader in this area through innovation with the television, pager, microprocessor, analogue phone among other things. Motorola’s first cellular system began commercial operation in 1983 with them becoming the world top cellular phone supplier shortly thereafter. They claimed 60 per cent of the US mobile market, revenues growing at an average of 27 percent to $27 billion in 1994, while net income surged 58 per cent a year to $1. billion. During this period, although digital mobile technology was introduced, it was not embraced by Motorola even after receiving several signals from the market. The market signals included – direct prodding by their customers requesting that they provide the new technology especially based on the benefits offered; increase in royal ty income from digital patent it licensed to Nokia and Erikson and finally the falling market shares and profit. Motorola’s shares dip to 34 percent in the early 1998’s, while Nokia’s share went from 11 per cent to 34 per cent during the same time period. That same year Motorola laid off 20,000 employees. Motorola was fully poised with the potential to maintaining their position as market leader using digital technology however they chose to rely on internal forecasting models that predicted carriers would be better off with analogue phones rather than digital. Sony whose mission statement was ‘a clever company that would make new high technology products in ingenious ways’ aggressively marketed its hardware entering the big league when it formed a joint venture with CBS Records in 1975 with the launch of the new technology – the Betamax home videocassette recorder. Within two years a new videocassette recorder (VCR) made by it arch-rival Matsushita using the VHS standard became the product of choice for consumers. This happened as Sony was too busy defending the hardware than marketing and creating customers. Matsushita, on the other hand, aggressively aligned electronics firms to their brand so that when motion picture studios began to release a larger number of their library titles VHS was the format of choice. ‘We didn’t put enough effort into making a family. The other side, coming later, made a family’, founder Akio Morita later stated. Sony also concluded that the compelling reason for the purchase of hardware is software. Resulting from lessons learnt from competition with arch rival Matsushita, Sony adjusted their strategy. Consequently, convinced that its record library had helped guarantee the success of the Compact Disc, Sony looked to CBS Records to provide the software necessary to ensure the success of its new Digital Audio Tape. In the years that followed Sony acquired expensive movie studios to showcase their impressive arsenal of hardware. As much attention was not paid to the American management team and the lavish spending spree on renovation production, management, and television ballooned. Overheads increased by 50 per cent to $300 million by 1991, some $60 million greater than other major studios, and its $700 million production budget were nearly twice that of its competitors. The average Sony motion picture cost $40 million versus the industry average of $28 million. In November 1994 Sony announced a $3. 2 billion write-off related to Columbia Pictures which wiped out nearly 25 per cent of Sony’s shareholders’ equity. It was not until Sony found itself here in phase 3 of the strategic, drift having major decline in shareholder values, that it restructured its management team and strategies. Wang Labs based on strategies created in an attempt to avoid the mistakes of the past found itself in phase 4 of the strategic drift as it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. An Wang, an inventor and innovator, sold several of his creations to companies who used them to make products for commercial uses. Resulting from one such deal with IBM in 1956, Wang’s feeling of being cheated by the computer giant biased his future decisions towards them. Starting from the late 80’s Wang Labs lost out when the world shifted from using word processors to PC, however they were blinded by their love for the word processors and made major losses as IBM took the PC to the market. Wang could have raise capital by issuing shares however because he felt that he had given up too much of the company in a similar past transaction he refused and instead opted to seek loans According to Paul Golding, prior to 1999 the Jamaican telecommunications sector was dominated by Cable and Wireless Jamaica (C&WJ), which changed its name in 2008 to LIME (Landline Internet Mobile, Entertainment). In 1988 the company was granted five exclusive licenses each for 25 years, which would be valid until 2013, with options for extensions for a further 25 years. The licenses made C&WJ the sole provider of the island’s domestic and international telephone service and guaranteed an after-tax rate of return of 17. 5% – 20%. C&WJ was quite comfortable with the strategies they employed especially as they were a monopoly in these early years. This resulted in the organization being stuck in phase 1 as they became complacent, relying on the same old strategies as technology boomed globally. They were â€Å"out of touch† with customer demand and the untapped potential of the market. Liberalization of the telecommunications market commenced with the granting of two new carrier licenses for the provision of domestic mobile voice, data, and information services. In April 2001 Digicel launched its mobile telecommunication company in Jamaica. Rates rose from 4 per cent in 2001 (Digicel’s launch year) to close to 100 per cent today – making it one of the most highly penetrated countries in the world and driving a grassroots level ICT development across Jamaica. Of the less than 2. million local population, Digicel Jamaica has 2 million customers, representing a 75% market share. Additionally, scores of small entrepreneurs owe their successes to a reliance on their Digicel phones, especially in areas where there were no previous mobile signals by the competition. On October 27th, Digicel announced its intention to move its Jamaica and Group offices to a bra nd new facility on the waterfront in downtown Kingston, demonstrating its commitment to spearhead the rejuvenation of this area of the capital city of the first country in which Digicel launched back in 2001. In April 2001, when Digicel launched its GSM mobile service in Jamaica, the company anticipated reaching the 100,000 customer plateau by the end of its first year in operation. Instead, it hit the 100,000 mark a mere 100 days after launch. Never before in the country’s history of mobile telecommunications had such tremendous growth been seen in a network, as Digicel broke record after record on its way to surpassing its major competitor as the mobile provider with the largest customer base in the island. It took LIME, its major competitor approximately 10 years to reach the 400,000 customer mark. In comparison, it took Digicel about 13 months to reach the same figure. Digicel's customer base in 2010 was over 2. 1 million customers in a population of 2. 8 million. Digicel raised the bar where an acceptable level of network coverage was concerned. Jamaicans living in rural parishes finally had a genuine option for mobile communications. With an island-wide network of over 1,000 cellular towers spread across all 14 parishes, Digicel firmly established itself as the mobile provider with the premier network coverage across the country. Digicel currently appears to be in Phase 2 of the strategic drift as its strategy of providing islandwide service has materialised and it continues to be poised towards supplying any further required hardware. However there is growing concern that Digicel needs to review its customer service as well as its rates. If you really want to understand a company, you need to understand its history and culture. In analyzing an organization one of the most common flaws is to disregard the past in trying to make sense of the present. Culture is also a major component of history, as is highlighted with Motorola that is known as an engineering-driven company. It is likened in its mindset to an ‘internal think-tank’, focused on the market while customers are secondary. Digicel is also similar in this regards as its main focus appears to be on the hardware and to a lesser extent the customer. Motorola’s had an insular culture where its workforce had a ‘fortress mentality, cut off from reality, in-bred, with tremendous self-confidence, and a lack of concern with the outside world’. One former CEO stated, ‘every time we stumble significantly it is because we have been so successful in one generation of the technology that we don’t focus on replacing ourselves with the next technology quick enough’ People make sense of new issues in the context of past issues; they are likely to address a problem in much the same way as they dealt with a previous similar one. Moreover, they are likely to search for evidence that supports those inclinations. So some data will be seen as more important than other data, and some may not be taken on board at all. The important points are: * The interpretation of events and issues in terms of prior experience is inevitable. The idea that managers approach strategic problems and issues entirely dispassionately and objectively is unrealistic. * Such interpretation and bias arise from experience of the past, not least with regard to what is seen to have worked or given rise to problems. So the future is likely to be made sense of in terms of the past. As with individuals, so also with groups – managers do not operate purely as individuals; they work and interact with others, and at the collective level, too, there are reasons to expect experience to count. This is reflected in the taken-for-granted assumptions and ingrained organizational routines that are collectively referred to as ‘organizational culture’. Such taken-for-granted assumptions and routines can be especially important as an influence on the development of organizational strategy. For a group or organization to operate effectively, there has to be a generally accepted set of assumptions which in effect, represents the collective experience without which people would have to ‘reinvent their world’ for different circumstances. As with individual experience, this shared understanding allows the collective experience gathered over years to be brought to bear to make sense of a given situation, to inform a likely course of action, and to gauge the likelihood of the latter’s success. Such collective thinking typically stretches even beyond the organization. Managers may assume that they can manage the environment, but the evidence is that the environment largely determines managerial action. If managers sensitize themselves to the influence of the history of their organisation they stand a better chance of better appreciating their current strategy and may be able to detect and avoid strategic drift. Managers would more likely to be able to question the extent to which the strategy they are seeking to develop is usefully informed by that history as distinct from being driven or captured by it.

Developing yourself as an effective HR Practitioner Essay

Briefly summarise the CIPD Profession Map (i.e. the core professional areas, the specialist professional areas, the bands and behaviours) In this report I will summarise the CIPD Profession Map which is made up of Ten Professional areas, Eight Behaviours and Four Bands. The two core Professional Areas Insights, Strategy and Solutions – This area of the map concentrates on developing an understanding and prioritising the direction of the organisation. Leading HR – Shaping and driving themselves and other employees to deliver a valued service to the organisation. The Professional Areas are made up of Organisation Design – This area of the map concentrates on shaping the organisation structure to the business needs. Organisation Development – This area of the map concentrates on developing skills and training of all employees to build a strong team. Resourcing and talent planning – This area of the map concentrates on identifying and developing talent within the organisation, seeing where the need is for new talent within the organisation, making sure the survival of the business continues to grow. Learning and Development – This area of the map concentrates on developing employee’s knowledge and skill in all levels of the business. Performance and reward – This area of the map concentrates on recognising performance and experience of all employees by rewarding them. Employee Engagement – This area of the map concentrates on insuring employees engage with each other and their work at different levels through the organisation. Employee Relations – This area of the map concentrates on keeping accurate records, supporting employees at all levels and rewarding employees in performance. Service Delivery and Information – This area of the map concentrates on delivering accurate information to the customer within an agreed time frame within an agreed cost. Eight Behaviours Curious – New ideas wanting to update technology and training needs. Decisive Thinker – Being able to analyse information and identify solutions. Skilled Influencer – The ability to influence customers in the direction of organisation needs. Personally Credible – Delivers and builds HR expertise to add value to the organisation. Collaborative – Cooperation between departments making positive contribution to the organisation. Driven to Deliver – Being able to deliver a service on time within budget by prioritising agreed tasks and goals. Courage to Challenge – Being able to challenge by specking skilfully when confronted with challenging situations. Role Model – Respected by other employees by using integrity and tact being able to deliver a solid service. Encourages others to act in the same way. The Bands are made up of four levels – Starting at Band One – Entry Level. Focusing on being accurate and flexible on collecting and providing data to the customer. Band Two – Advisory Level. Leading and advising individuals and teams, understanding issues when they arise and resolving them quickly and professionally. Band Three – Consultant Level. Addressing and leading all HR challenges providing ideas and solutions, analysing risks. Band Four – Leadership Colleague / Coach. Coaching and leading, developing strategies and plans for the customer needs. Comment on the activates and knowledge specified within any 1 professional area, at either band 1 or band 2, identifying those you consider most essential to your own (or other identified ) HR/L&D Role. I will select one Band and one Professional area which I consider most essential to my current employment. Band 1 and Service Delivery and Information as the Professional Area. In my employment I have to have a clear idea of what the Line Managers and Senior Managers want me to deliver. As listed in Band 1, Listening to them and asking the right questions understanding their needs, getting a time frame on when they want it to be delivered is essential. Its gives me a clear picture of what information I have to collate using the technology provided this saving time when delivering the information to them. Keeping the channels of communication open is essential in case of delays or other customer complaints that arise. Activity 2 2.1 Understanding customer needs (including examples of 3 different customers and 1 need for each, and explain how you would prioritise conflicting needs) In this activity I have chosen three customers, Staff, Line Managers and Senior Managers with reference to my own role I will identify their needs and prioritise conflicting needs. Staff – Pay Queries If a member of staff comes to the HR Department with a Pay Query the HR Department must deal with the query within an allotted time. In the Company I work for this time is 48hrs from the time of receiving a pay query. The next step of the process is to talk to the Line Manager to identify where there might be a problem, if this is to do with hours. This will then be passed on to the Payroll department to be rectified, the member of staff will be notified by email or phone call of the progress of the query. If this cannot be resolved by theses means the employee and the line manager will be asked to come to a meeting to discuss the query. Not resolving pay issues in an agreed time frame, can lead to low moral within your employees and give a negative response to the HR Department. Line Managers – Performance At the Company I work for the HR Department is requested by the Line Managers to be responsible for monitoring performance of all employees and reporting back to them if an employee falls below the agreed target. This has to be done daily and weekly depending on what department the employee is from, to keep the continuity of production flowing and reducing problems later on. Without the HR Department doing this as requested by the Line Managers the quality and productivity could be dropped if this is not monitored. This is essential for the business to produce good quality produce for the external customer thus reducing customer complaints. The HR Department would have to prioritise this service. If an employee has been identified that has fallen below the set target, they will work alongside with the Line Manager and agree what course of action should be taken i.e. Would the employee benefit from more training and what type, bearing in mind this would be an extra cost (has a budget been put in place for retraining employees) has the  employee performance dropped due to other circumstance, this would all have to be investigated. The employee would then be invited to attend a meeting with their Line Manager and a member from the Hr Department to discuss this. Senior Managers – Labour and Budgets At the Company I work for the Senior Managers puts together a Labour and Budget plan at the beginning of the year, for the amount of staff they will need each month. This plan is then given to the HR Department to recruit the right amount of staff on budget within the agreed time frame. The HR Department would have to prioritise this plan if they did not it would have a detrimental effect on the business no employees no product no business. The conflicting needs of all the different customers at any one time would have to be prioritised in order, for example Senior Managers requesting information would normally come first over other customers. Line Managers would then come second leaving the Employee last, but is this right does this mean the employee is less regarded in the organisation. No this should not be the case no matter what position you are in. It’s about prioritising what needs to be done first, not what level you work at. This may mean extending your delivery time within an agreed time frame with other customers, keeping channels of communication open with them until you can deliver the service to them. 2.2 Effective communication (include examples of 3 different communication methods and the advantages and disadvantages of each) Daily / Weekly Meeting The advantage of having a daily or weekly meetings is that a manager from each department usually attends a meeting discussing what will be happening or if there have any problems that need to be aired with other colleagues. This keeps communication following. The disadvantage of this, is another colleague would have to cover the manager’s work, while doing their own. Putting pressure on themselves to deliver their own work. Also information may not get passed down to other workers or the information may get distorted causing problems later on. Skype The advantage of using Skype that you can conduct meetings or interviews  with other sites and conduct interviews this would save on travel costs. The disadvantage of using Skype is if you are in an area with a poor signal. Newsletter – Monthly Advantage – A monthly newsletter is a good way of communication to employee’s especially to the ones that don’t have a company email or attend a regular meetings on what is happening in other departments on different sites. At the company I work for our newsletter is divided up into four section on what is happening and what is going to happen this usually starts with Operations Directors talking about what’s happening on their sites. It then moves on to Hello’s & Goodbyes announcing who has left and who has joined the Company and what department and position they are in. As well an email being sent out about a new employee starting this gives other employees a chance to know new faces. A Birthday or Celebration section has also been added. The last section is about Who Are We getting to know an employee each month. These newsletter is attached to the payslips monthly. The disadvantage of printing individual newsletters is the Cost depending on how many employees you have this could be high, the alternative is to place this on a notice board for all employees to see. 2.3 Effective service delivery (include: delivering service on time, delivering service on budget, dealing with difficult customers, handling and resolving complaints. The way to build and maintain an effective service delivery fast and professional, is to have a set procedure in place of: Who does what Has a time frame been put in place to respond, are you in receipt of all information to deal with this Request / Complaint. If you receive a complaint are you appropriately trained to deal with difficult customers. Keep the channels of communication open to all customer needs by the ways of a Phone Call, Email or a Letter or invite them to a one to one meeting. This all helps to keep the customer informed and make them feel valued. Interview the customer, identify key bits of the complaint, do you need to interview anyone else. All these factors need to be addressed to avoid a lengthily drawn out process. Any delay could prevent the Company from having  a successful result. What is it going to cost, is it within the budget. The key is to keep the channel of communication open, inform customers straight away of changes that may affect them. If there is a complaint react straight away. Bibliography ACAS. Workplace relations the key to better UK productivity – Sir Brendan Barber. Available at: http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=5169 Accessed (25 February 2015) ACAS. Top tips for better management. Available at: http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=2966 Accessed (12 February 2015) CIPD. CIPD Profession Map. Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/cipd-hr-profession/profession-map/ Accessed (21 December 2014) Martin, M and Whiting, F (2013) Human Resource Practice. 6th Edition. London: Chartered Institute of Personal and Development.

Bulimia Essays - Eating Disorders, Psychiatric Diagnosis, RTT

Bulimia Essays - Eating Disorders, Psychiatric Diagnosis, RTT Bulimia Bulimia is an eating disorder marked by consumption of large quantities of food at one sitting, followed by induced vomiting of taking laxatives to get rid of the body food. It usually affects young women, especially adolescents, but is observed in older women and men also. People with bulimia are often obsessed with food and self gratification, and the disorder frequently accompanies Anorexia Nervosa. Such behavior stems from psychological difficulties involving a compulsive desire for perfection, poor self-image, and stressful familt relationships; depression is also common. Research in the late 1980's says that bulimia itselg, however, may be caused by impaired secretion of a hormone, chlecystokinin (CCK), that normally induces a feeling of fullness after a meal. Severe medical problems can result from bulimia nervosa, such as nutritional deficiencies and hormonal changes leading to menstrual irregularities. Where bulimia has been present for a long time, metabolic imbalance and heart disprders can occur. Treatment is most successful when medical therapy and psychotherapy are combined.

Reform after the Revolution essays

Reform after the Revolution essays Although the United States gained independence after the Revolution from Britain, it was not without issues that needed to be addressed in order to promote a better way of life for the people. With the approaching new age came reformers that wanted to ensure that various improvements would occur in their country in order to enhance their lives. To the people, the only way to get the problems recognized on a national level was to organize social movements. Reformers sought answers to the problems within the prison system and also for the insane. Efforts were made to take the punishment out of the prison and use rehabilitation instead. Religious reformers opposed alcohol since they believed alcohol had effects on the work force and the family. Another effort of reform was the Antimasonry movement. Since it excluded women, it was believed by the reformers to be threatening to the family by encouraging men to use alcohol while neglecting their families. Since the Masons were made up of prominent middle and upper class men, it was believed to be a secret fraternity with antirepublican views. This was a very short-lived political movement. Although these issues did not accomplish the goals of the reformers they paved the way for much larger issues such as slavery. In the 1830s, along with a small minority of white reformers, William Lloyd Garrisons morals drove him to demand immediate and complete emancipation (Norton 242) of slavery. Those who advocated immediate emancipation saw slavery as a moral issue, a sin on the American nation. Although not all reformers believed in the immediate discontinuance of slavery, others tended to favor the gradual approach. The American Colonization Society had the idea of gradual abolition along with the resettling of the former slaves in Africa. Garrison, considered an immediatist, had strong opinions about the methods that should be used to ...

6 Reasons to Graduate Early From College

6 Reasons to Graduate Early From College Graduating college early is not for everyone. Most students need the full four years, or even five, to complete their education. But for those who have amassed enough credits and have fulfilled their general education and major requirements, there are some reasons for finishing a semester or even a year early. Here are some of the reasons: Saving Money One of the biggest reasons for graduating in less than four years is to save the cost of tuition and housing. The cost of college can put a grave strain on a family’s finances or rack up future debt for the student. By graduating early a student can ease this economic burden and save tens of thousands of dollars. Getting to the Job Market Sooner In addition to saving on tuition, a student who graduates college early can begin earning early. Instead of spending tuition dollars in what would have been their senior year, early graduates can begin earning an income. Interviewing Off Season   In the fall of senior year, there is a big rush to the job market for students graduating in May and June. Students who finish college early and are ready for the job market in January  may find themselves competing in a less crowded field. Applying to Graduate or Professional School Students finishing their bachelors degrees early who plan to apply to graduate or professional school will have more time to prepare for their entrance exams and complete their applications and any interviews that the process requires. Get a Break Many colleges graduate their students in May or June. Full-time jobs for these students sometimes begin only a few weeks later. By graduating early, students give themselves time for a break, perhaps some travel or time with their families or potentially a useful internship. Once  students enter the job market they may have very little vacation time in their new position and graduating early may give them the last block of free time they will have for perhaps many years. Shorten a Very Long Road For students planning to go on to professional or graduate school, particularly medical school, there are many years of schooling ahead. Graduating early offers a break and chance to do something else for a period of time in what is a very long academic journey. Other Things to Keep in Mind These are all good reasons for graduating college early yet while explaining how their students can graduate early, Duke University offers an alternative view, â€Å"Bear in mind that your college years come at a special time in your life and are a rare opportunity for you to engage so freely and intensely in your development, intellectual and otherwise. Think twice before cutting your Duke career short. As an alternative to graduating early, even if you are eligible to do so, you might think about enriching your experience by taking a semester to travel or study abroad.† Sue Shellenbarger, in an article  about exploring early college graduation for the Wall Street Journal, explains that she regrets her decision to graduate in less than four years and explains, â€Å"I went through undergrad school in three and a half years, and I wish now I had done more extracurricular activities and had a little more fun. Our working lives are decades long, and I constantly tell my own two college students that their university days offer an opportunity for reflection and exploration. The one thing early graduates dont need to worry about missing? The graduation ceremony with their class, Most colleges (and any student considering an early graduation should check with their school) are delighted to have early graduates partake in all of the year-end graduation festivities.

Did Timothy Quill behave appropriately towards Diana What is the best Essay

Did Timothy Quill behave appropriately towards Diana What is the best argument to the conclusion that he did not Would it have been different if he had given - Essay Example The doomed person has a right to decide about her life and body. It is not exactly euthanasia, because she was not particularly helped by any one in the deed. No doubt, there were indirect guiding hands that assisted her through every step towards the unhappy end. With all the amazing advancement in the world of science and medicine, we still have been unable to stop the pain, helplessness and suffering. A large amount of money is being continuously spent by all nations on cancer research; but till now, it had been done in vain, while cancer still remains the most dreaded and horrifying disease of all. The unreasonable striking of the disease, intolerable agony it causes, the hopelessness of an impending death sentence and the ultimate cruelty of an unbearably painful end – cancer had remained the worst killer of modern times, which unfailingly makes the human beings realise the mortality of life. Diane, who had already gone through another form of cancer rather successfully, was not horrified beyond limits. She was angry at her unrelenting fate, sad that she had to decide on her own death; but once she accepted it as her destiny, she neither fought against it, nor wasted her remaining short time, crying over it. Her only demand was that she should be allowed to make her own decision, which she eventually did, with a slight, but not pronounced help from Timothy. Timothy was aware of the outcome of a natural end and he had witnessed the agony of his patients dying of cancer, in sheer helplessness and impotency. After discussing the matter again and again with Diane, whom he admired by the way, in which she fought her various battles, Timothy decided to stand by her. He was convinced that Diane not only has taken the easy way out, but also has chosen the best alternative under the circumstances. She hardly had any great choices. Timothy knew how difficult it is to take one†™s own life,

Management in a Globailsed world Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Management in a Globailsed world - Assignment Example Globalization in business results to free trades that create a way for economic growth by creating jobs brings the point of competition between companies which result to reduction in prices to cover a bigger market demand. Globalization opens up opportunities for poor countries that see through democracy and human rights. Globalization and democracy should go together to increase the global economy by promoting mutual trust and respect. The two power blocks will promote business for the involved countries. This will create an international market for consumers of different countries (Gore, 2013). Globalization in business gradually creates world’s power by promoting unity in the world by merging of political powers and common pool of decision making. By creating a common pool of decision making benefit the world as compared to compartmentalized power sectors. Globalization promotes interconnection and hence, benefits many countries to share information. With sharing of information, result to the sharing and borrowing of cultural activities between different countries (Gore, 2013). The purpose for global changes is to promote globalization through government and originations sharing of common financial interests in business. Globalization have resulted to social tolerance with people of different countries and therefore promoting world wide economy. Speeds in interconnection and sharing of information through internet are promoted by globalization (Gore, 2013). Differences exist between native countries and immigrants in relations to job openings and political illustration. Youth of marginal ethnic background encounter sidelining when participating in the job market. Furthermore, minority ethnic employees are under-embodied in economic and political domains. There is an wide-ranging records on the causes why people might be willing to work overseas. Core backgrounds encompasses an individual’s family and

MANAGING HUMAN CAPITAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MANAGING HUMAN CAPITAL - Essay Example This has been in terms of falling revenues and loss of crucial talent and problems in talent retention. The critical literature puts forth a direct relationship between the HR polices and organizational productivity. This is followed by the primary research which supplements the critical literature through primary findings. The findings reveal that Emirates HR policies and practices in the HR departments must be redesigned to cater to the immediate business needs of the organization. The redesigning must come in the form of changes in recruitment activities, change in compensation packages and aligning training modules with the aim of serving the business needs of Emirates. Introduction The project seeks to put forth the present human resource conditions in Emirates Airlines which is the largest airline operating in the Middle East flying over 2400 passengers in a week. The company’s are located around 111 numbers of cities across 62 nations in the world. It also operates thre e of the nonstop commercial flights from Dubai. This company has been chosen for the study as it is the fastest growing global airlines in the world and is known for the high quality of services that it provides to its customers (Emirates, 2011). Known for its advanced and improved human resource management practices the company has evolved as the being one of the most employee friendly organizations to work with. Not only does its HR practices aim to reduce costs and enable the development of learning and development, it also tries to facilitate employees’ growth and prospective in the organization. The most remarkable part of its human resource management practices is the way they are directed towards the attainment of the company’s goals and objectives (Emirates-a, 2011). The project tries to analyses the present human resource issues and challenges confronting the company. Based on the analysis it provides an action plan for the same. This is done by the developmen t of an outline plan for the company which would contribute to its growth in business as well. The literature review presents critical analysis of how HRM practices can affect and regulate the business development of organizations and add to its goodwill. It would be presented with reference to the examples of major organizations in the world. In this context special emphasis would be provided to the Michigan model and the Harvard’s model. To supplement the above critical analysis primary research would be conducted to bring about a relationship between the HR practices in organizations and the development of its businesses. Analysis of Company background and current challenges/issues they are facing With the growing number of international airlines across the world, the organization has been confronting with a problem of employee crunch and employee retention. It is felt that the company redesigns its recruitment strategies in order to attain a competitive position in terms of attracting and retaining talents. The study suggests that Emirates Airlines must seek to develop a dedicated recruitment services team within the various departments which would ensure the

Leadership Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leadership - Article Example This is to fuel further his political agenda. From diverse experience across many organizations, leadership can also be natured. Through Natalie Gochnour, we are able to witness growth in leadership. Maura Carabello on his part builds his career at Time Inc. This gives him the skills, which he later uses to successfully co-found a communications Inc. The communications firm has grown progressively by 30% each year.( www.deseretnews.com/article) David Jordan successfully leads a practice of law earning him a lot of respect. He also practices civic leadership through engagement in leadership of a variety of organizations and activities. This is vital for an all round leader. Clark Ivory is a more technical leader who shows prowess in data driven decisions. Through his analytical decision-making, he leads Ivory incorporation into massive growth. This leads to growth in jobs for the populace. As a leader Rich McKeown shows us how career can be shifted as he begins as a teacher and finally becomes an attorney. He later becomes a chief of staff in one of the state departments and ultimately leads a multi-million dollar consultancy. Kirk Jowers on his part is a highly educated leader from Harvard. He leads the Federal relation for the US. He fuels its expansion worldwide through significant growth. Lastly, Jim Kearl is one of the most sought out professors. To worsen the situation, he is also heavily relied upon by many organizat ions. His expertise also makes him be sought after by many governments for consultancy. (www.deseretnews.com/article) On the contrary, non-leaders are Gladys Prutt; she does not endow trust and belief on her subjects. This lead to the deterioration of Prag’s Social trust. This she was given the role of leading. Scollin Dengony could not initiate good communication procedures. Communication is vital for coordination roles. The Inc’s functions could not

Scenario Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scenario Exam - Essay Example It is noted that Meredith Parker is a 36 year old woman who is a supervisor in a large department store. She works full time, leaving little time to spend with her two small children aged 4 and 2. Over the last two months, Meredith has lost 10kg and has now begun to experience episodes of right sided pain under her ribs, radiating through to her shoulder blade. These have become more frequent, lasting for several hours with episodes of nausea and vomiting. Following a GP referral and investigations she has been admitted to the ward for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She stopped taking the combined oral contraceptive pill one year ago and smokes 15 cigarettes per day. In pre-admission clinic her observations were: BP 140/84 mmHg; pulse rate 74 beats/min and regular; respiratory rate 17 breaths/min; temperature 36.8 o C, oxygen saturation 98%.Her waist circumference is 92cm. It is certain that with Meredith Parker’s case there are numerous foreseeable consequences that she is l ikely to encounter if appropriate professional procedure is not impressed. As clearly highlighted in the history of the patient, she is a smoker. Research indicate that smoking often rob the patient’s body of oxygen and significantly interferes with the body of the patient from recovering properly. As widely cited, there is need to impress exercise prior to any surgical procedure. Arguably, exercising increases the level of fitness of a patient and it also promotes quick recovery. However, this are limited to some period of time before hospital admission. Research suggests that before any surgery, a patient needs to be subjected to various diagnostic tests. These might include chest x-ray, CT Scan, biopsies, bone scan, ventilation studies, bronchoscopy, and perhaps blood work. These constitute the prospective assessment. However, one thing to content with is that these processes have to follow a particular protocol commonly referred to as ABCDEF. Certainly Meredith Parker has to adhere to the ABCDEF process. This way, she would be provided with A- Antibiotics shot/Anaesthetistconsulation, followed by B — Blood tests and Bowel for purposes of monitoring proper urinary output, then C — Consent from the patient in order to get be allowed to conduct a Chest X-ray (CXR). It is after this that Meridith Parker shall receive D — Drug chart, which would concern any previous medication/DVT prophylaxis treatment, she would then undergo E — Echocardiography (ECG) followed by F — Fluid monitoring and Food intake, in which she would be kept on nothing per oral (NPO) for at least 12 hours before surgery. In a rather practical approach to Meredith Parker, it is worth noting that there are various steps towards surgery that involve all these procedures in a very specific way and cover the details of management even in six hours post operatively. The first step is to take a detailed history about the symptoms. This includes presenting c omplaints, history of presenting complaints, social, family, personal and drug history. It is essential that all the associated symptoms should be checked. It is important to note if there has been any change in symptoms or if there is any doubt in diagnosis so that they can be checked again. After that, a detail examination is required. In our patient, we should especially

ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

ETHICS - Essay Example Engineering concerns with construction of structures and these structures are not used by their customers alone. The product of the work of engineers is not also solely used by his or her employers but by the customer and many other groups of people. This is particularly true in public structures where the structure will be used by the general public. Thus, unlike in any other profession, the stakeholders in engineering profession are many but the most important stakeholder of an engineer’s work is the general public and this explains why the first and foremost obligation of a registered professional engineer is to the satisfy public welfare. The stakeholders in engineering are not just those who invest monetarily in projects or construction works but more importantly, the public who uses those constructions where they rely on it for their use or for their safety. Thus, before anything or anyone else, the public’s welfare must be considered first in the profession of

Scenario Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scenario Exam - Essay Example It is noted that Meredith Parker is a 36 year old woman who is a supervisor in a large department store. She works full time, leaving little time to spend with her two small children aged 4 and 2. Over the last two months, Meredith has lost 10kg and has now begun to experience episodes of right sided pain under her ribs, radiating through to her shoulder blade. These have become more frequent, lasting for several hours with episodes of nausea and vomiting. Following a GP referral and investigations she has been admitted to the ward for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She stopped taking the combined oral contraceptive pill one year ago and smokes 15 cigarettes per day. In pre-admission clinic her observations were: BP 140/84 mmHg; pulse rate 74 beats/min and regular; respiratory rate 17 breaths/min; temperature 36.8 o C, oxygen saturation 98%.Her waist circumference is 92cm. It is certain that with Meredith Parker’s case there are numerous foreseeable consequences that she is l ikely to encounter if appropriate professional procedure is not impressed. As clearly highlighted in the history of the patient, she is a smoker. Research indicate that smoking often rob the patient’s body of oxygen and significantly interferes with the body of the patient from recovering properly. As widely cited, there is need to impress exercise prior to any surgical procedure. Arguably, exercising increases the level of fitness of a patient and it also promotes quick recovery. However, this are limited to some period of time before hospital admission. Research suggests that before any surgery, a patient needs to be subjected to various diagnostic tests. These might include chest x-ray, CT Scan, biopsies, bone scan, ventilation studies, bronchoscopy, and perhaps blood work. These constitute the prospective assessment. However, one thing to content with is that these processes have to follow a particular protocol commonly referred to as ABCDEF. Certainly Meredith Parker has to adhere to the ABCDEF process. This way, she would be provided with A- Antibiotics shot/Anaesthetistconsulation, followed by B — Blood tests and Bowel for purposes of monitoring proper urinary output, then C — Consent from the patient in order to get be allowed to conduct a Chest X-ray (CXR). It is after this that Meridith Parker shall receive D — Drug chart, which would concern any previous medication/DVT prophylaxis treatment, she would then undergo E — Echocardiography (ECG) followed by F — Fluid monitoring and Food intake, in which she would be kept on nothing per oral (NPO) for at least 12 hours before surgery. In a rather practical approach to Meredith Parker, it is worth noting that there are various steps towards surgery that involve all these procedures in a very specific way and cover the details of management even in six hours post operatively. The first step is to take a detailed history about the symptoms. This includes presenting c omplaints, history of presenting complaints, social, family, personal and drug history. It is essential that all the associated symptoms should be checked. It is important to note if there has been any change in symptoms or if there is any doubt in diagnosis so that they can be checked again. After that, a detail examination is required. In our patient, we should especially

Process Improvement (Logistics) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process Improvement (Logistics) - Research Paper Example All organizations irrespective of their industry segment work towards becoming the world’s supply chain management (SCM) leaders. This status is attained through the development of top line income growth via ameliorated client satisfaction, increased supply chain speed, and minimized overheads and cycle times. The role played by logistics excellence and transportation in an attempt to develop a state-of-the-art supply chain has become noticeable nowadays.Transportation expenses take up a significant amount of the supply chain and can be eliminated via Transportation Management Solutions (TMS).TMS can attain these savings by process improvement. Many organizations are capable of redeploying or reducing existing transportation overheads and employees significantly by automating main logistics and transportation processes through advanced TMS. Partially, this is achieved by automating manual jobs such as carrier selection, tendering and acceptance, and shipment planning resulting in improved productivity benefits for transportation faculty.A large number of firms can minimize operating costs by consolidating transportation routines at a network stage as opposed to having transportation staff at every ship level. Organizations using these "load control centers" network save a significant amount of overall freight bills and overhead.Inventory management includes the process of effectively ensuring a continuous movement of stocks out of and into the current inventory.

Understanding the Short Story Brownies Essay Example for Free

Understanding the Short Story Brownies Essay Amongst the legion of newly talented American playwrights is Z. Z Parker, an African American author who is popularly known to be the master behind a number of recently published and highly praised short fiction stories across the United States. Included in one of his compilations â€Å"Drinking Coffee Elsewhere† is the short story entitled â€Å"Brownies† which depicts the story about a troop of young Black African-American girls and their encounters and personal experiences with regard to adversities of social discrimination in the entire American Country. Thus, the book depicts and illustrates both of the different faces of the society which is that of the good and dreadful side, more especially in the entire society of the United States wherein there is an evident divergence between the white and black people. In a sense, it is seen obvious that the story is fundamentally set to highlight and enlighten one of the major social problems in the entire American society in both ancient and modern days, which is that of the racial biases and/or discrimination among the Black African-American people. Thus, the story also aims to give a picture of the pessimistic consequences of such social differences between the American group of white and the black. For instance is the adverse incident wherein the troop of black African-American girls and the opposite color have collide and involved their selves into an awful brawl in response to the act of racial discrimination coming from the group of white girls. Hence, such illustration is an example as to how the writer has utilized the specific situations to depict the atrocities and cynicism that social discrimination incorporates in the society. On the other hand, it is also well represented that the society is made of both negative and positive notions wherein the people living in this world are all situated to experience both of the good and bad sides of the society. Through the narrative of one of the black African-American girls in the story, whose name is Laurel, she shares the story of her father’s encounter with a white family and recalls the moment her father said that, It was the only time hed have a white man on his knees doing something for a black man for free† (30). It is indeed an evident way of the writer to balance her depiction of the two faces of society which is that of the good and bad. In the end, it is evident that such book of Z. Z. Parker entitled â€Å"Brownies† is socially prearranged to depict and discuss the problems of society, more specifically in the United States, where Americans are seen to be alienated by this social difference and discrimination. Thus, the short story â€Å"Brownies† is indeed a paradigm of an outstanding socially significant story that presents valuable lessons for the readers and for the entire society. Work Cited Packer, ZZ. â€Å"Brownies. † In Drinking Coffee Elsewhere. New York, NY: The Berkley Publishing Group, 2003.

Ventricular Assist Devices :: Heart Transplants Health Technology Essays

Ventricular Assist Devices The Jarvik 2000 is a vast improvement in artificial hearts since its predecessor the Jarvik-7. The Jarvik 2000 is a ventricular assist device. Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD) are a less invasive alternative to an artificial heart transplant. They are intended to assist the heart in pumping blood, not to replace the heart. These devices are implanted into the body and pump blood through the aorta thus, relieving the weakened ventricle of its normal workload. It works as a rotary pump so that blood is constantly flowing and therefore there is no longer a pulse. This device is not completely self-contained; a battery pack and the external components must be worn around the waist. This allows the patient unrestricted movement and not be immobilized as was the case for the original artificial heart. The battery pack transmits energy up to a component around the skull, the power is then conducted through wires that pass internally down the neck. Unlike Jarvik-7, which was to serve as a temporary artificial heart until a donor was found and a transplant could be performed, the Jarvik-2000 is being developed as a permanent assist device.5 Peter Houghton Mr. Peter Houghton is the first patient who was fitted with the ventricular assist device. He was 61 years old during the time of the operation, which took place in June of 2000. Mr. Houghton, who was suffering from heart failure, was only expected to live a couple of weeks longer without a heart transplant or artificial help. He underwent the procedure that took 14 hours in order prolong his life. He showed significant progress six weeks after his surgery with his heart and liver functions improving greatly. Mr. Houghton is capable of exercise due to the ability to manually control the blood flow rate of the device throughout his body. Recently on August 16, 2004 Mr. Houghton set the world record for longest time as a patient living with a cardiac assist device, at that day he had lived with the device for 1518 days. His condition has improved so much that he can live with the device turned off for short periods of time.

The Persian Gulf War: A view through the themes of individual and society :: Essays Papers

The Persian Gulf War: A view through the themes of individual and society The Persian Gulf War began in 1990 when Iraqi forces invaded the border of Kuwait. The United States led a coalition of forces between other countries eventually ending the war in 1991.1 The Persian Gulf War made many people of different backgrounds suffer by starvation, malnutrition and disease. The Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, was the main cause for this suffering. Problems between Iraq and Kuwait started when Kuwait gained their independence and gained protection from British. Iraq did not want to recognize Kuwait as a separate country because Iraq believed that Kuwait was in their territory. Iraq and Kuwait were both part of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century, and Iraq thought Kuwait was still a province from the South of Iraq.2 Oil became the main problem that led to war. Iraqi leaders blamed Kuwait for pumping oil from Iraqi territory, and for not paying revenues for the oil taken out. Since Iraq had debts with Kuwait, Iraq then started harassing Kuwait. Another accusation Iraq placed on Kuwait was that Kuwait was pumping too much oil. According to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), there is a limit of oil extraction on every country.3 All of these complaints led then to war. Kuwait did not want any confrontation and Iraq was not there to take any land away but to intimidate Kuwait. Talks between them did not help and invasion took place in August 2, 1990, when Iraq started mobilizing towards adjoining borders.4 On February 26, 1991 the war was, if not in its end, but to close to the defeat of the Iraqis by the coalition led powerfully by the United States. Public communication mainly by radio in Iraq told the contrary but not even its own people could belief victory but they all accepted defeat. Statistics showed that 148 Americans were dead, and 467 wounded. Many of these deaths or injuries were result of friendly fire. According to New York Times of September 1990, 200,000 Iraqis died.5 The main task for the world and the coalition was to stop Saddam Hussein, Iraq’s Mandatary.

Maturity and Emerging Adulthood

In his article â€Å"Emerging Adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties† (2000) Jeffrey Arnett proposes that a new term be put to use for the period between adolescence and adulthood. Arnett claims that â€Å"emerging adulthood† is a better label for those people between the ages between 18 and 25. With little prior attention given to this age span, theories from researchers such as Eriksen (1968), Levinson (1978) andKeniston (1971) tended to lump the youthful period starting at age 11 or so and continuing until the mid-20’s along with adulthood, making no distinction between the earlier and later phases. It is Arnett’s belief that due to the numerous changes, explorations, experimentations and explorations that occur when a young person leaves high school, there should be a completely separate categorization.Adulthood, as defined by Arnett through his research, is a period in one’s life in which demographics, subje ctive perceptions and identity explorations are no longer ambiguous (Arnett 474). He points to differences between the 1950’s and the 1990’s regarding the age in which a person perceives himself to be an adult– in an earlier time period most persons in their early twenties had already married, held jobs and had one or more children, defining them as adults. In the 1990’s not only did most of his subjects not hold jobs, they were unmarried, without children and attending school.Consequently, the age at which most researchers of an early period defined adulthood changed along with the population which not only no longer adheres to such standards to define adulthood but usually does not attain the stability and responsibility to be considered adults until their 30’s. Emerging adulthood is not adolescence, the â€Å"forgotten half† or young adulthood and Arnett proves it by pointing out the limitations of each.Article #2: â€Å"Growing up is ha rder to do†In an article from the American Sociological Association, Furstenberg et al (2004) refers to the period between the ages of 18 and 25 as early adulthood. The researchers make the assertion that becoming an adult now takes longer than it once did and is defined differently than it was in the period immediately after World War II. In the 1950’s, couples were usually married by their early 20’s, the husband held a job and most likely they had one or more children.Citing demographic trends, Furstenberg, et al. claims that now it is more likely that people in their early 20’s are getting an education and relying on their families for financial and other support. They point to several reasons for this lag in becoming an adult: the changing role of women in society, the establishment of Social Security benefits which made it unnecessary for young couples to take care of their aging parents by working after completing high school and changing economic f orces which require the acquisition of more skills before being able to land a good job that in order to support oneself (Furstenberg et al 39). It is taking longer for adolescents to reach adulthood and the growing demands on this age group occur because of â€Å"new demands on families, school and government† (40). Furstenberg and his colleagues expect that reforms must take place in both the school system and the military to ease the transition and cause young adults to grow up and become self sufficient more quickly.Maturity and Emerging Adulthood: A New Phase in Life?Recently, both sociological and psychological research has introduced the advent of a new phase in life referred to as either â€Å"emerging adulthood† or â€Å"young adulthood†. These terms apply to a nebulous period in a person’s life, roughly between the ages of 18 and 25, when an enormous amount of existential changes take place. Two theories were examined for the purposes of this pa per: â€Å"Emerging Adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties† Arnett, 2000) and â€Å"Growing up is harder to do† (Furstenberg et al, 2004). It is Arnett’s theory that â€Å"emerging adulthood† is the proper way to categorize this period while Furstenberg et al prefers to refer to it as â€Å"young adulthood†.Both sets of research point to the differences between the era of the 1950’s and more current times, making the assertion that the concept of adulthood, as well as its reasons for occurring later have changed due to a number of factors. The logos, ethos and pathos of each article will be examined and compared, showing that even without the scientific jargon used in the Arnett article, the Furstenberg treatise makes an arguably better case for defining the years following high school and college as â€Å"young adulthood† through its easy to understand concepts, its logical reasoning for the chang es taking place and its exploration of current circumstances regarding family, education and lifestyle.Arnett (2000) begins his research article by defining the period he deems emerging adulthood in terms of age, based on analogies to previous research which tended to lump together both the years of youth and the early years of adulthood. He presents a theoretical background on the subject, supporting evidence, explanation of the term emerging adulthood and a final cultural context.He appeals to readers’ sense of logic by citing the research findings and then defining the demographics which identify his characterization. Arnett narrowly defines the demographics of his studied group and further relates statistics which show changes in residence, responses to questions regarding a subjective definition of adulthood and respondents’ answers and a graph showing peak exploratory behavior. Using specific terminology and definitions, Arnett makes his point by employing terms which evoke a sense of scientific and psychological accuracy in his findings.Furstenberg, et al (2004) also use logos in their rhetoric. Citing survey results accomplished by other teams in both the 1950’s and closer to 2000, the findings are presented logically but without the use of scientific terminology. Factual data is used to show the differences between survey respondents’ definition of what it means to have reached adulthood. Analogies are made between the two groupings of subjects studied with allowances made for the particularly different roles of women in the two eras in order to indicate that there are now less people in the age group of 18 – 25 who are considered to be â€Å"adults† through a traditional definition of the term.Their study, in a manner similar to Arnett’s, makes a case for the introduction of a new defining period of life which they call young adulthood by pointing to previous research as well as laying out facts regard ing the changes that have taken place since the 1950’s. The conclusion of the article urges readers to think about the implications inherent in modifying existing systems of school and military preparedness training for young people.In terms of ethos, Arnett employs reliability, competence and respect for the researchers who have gone before him in making strides towards defining life phases and everything that occurs to go along with them. His research is thorough and includes extensive study in the subject, with a slant toward the psychological aspects of the period of emerging adulthood. He gives credit where credit is due and interprets previous findings with a fair and balanced explanation. His use of terminology that is beyond the understanding of most people, however, tends to produce a work that, while considered ethical, is almost meant to be condescending.Ethically, the Furstenberg article also meets the criteria of demonstrating reliability in its research findings and summaries, competence through the use of its authors’ credentials and clear understanding of the subject and respect for its readers by portraying the research results and conclusions in language easily understood by a layperson. Several snippets of interviews with subjects falling within their defined age range show that the researchers took a â€Å"hands-on† approach to their study and portrayed these descriptions in a fair and balanced manner without making judgment.An interesting facet of the study is their assertion that socio-economic levels play a key role in the development of a young person into an adult as defined in their study – those subjects in lower socio-economic levels tended to grow up much faster due to the increased urgency to find stable work, marry at a younger age and support a family and its needs. The ethos of the article is arguably more favorable in that it uses a more appropriate level of vocabulary.The article written by Arnett is least of all employing pathos to state its points. There is no visual imagery nor an emotional tone, example or emotion-invoking language. The study is very clear cut and a good example of a proponent of psychology attempting to convince the reader that his methods, rationale and findings are of a scientific nature. Not relying on emotions and keeping the article grounded in factual information ensures that it will not appeal to the subjective nature of its readers. Accordingly, pathos has no place in his writing and neither does Arnett attempt to rectify this lack.In contrast, Furstenberg et al clearly enjoy relating their research and its findings in a more conversational manner. Using visual images with corresponding descriptions of the people depicted within, the reader is given a sense of being introduced to some of their subjects. The readers of the article learn a bit about the lives of the respondents as well as their social and economic circumstances and the reasons they have reached the age of 25 or older without feeling they can be defined as an adult. Descriptions of life in the 1950’s when most couples in their mid-20’s were married and raising a family, evoke a good feel for the era and encourage the reader to relate these portrayals to â€Å"many of today’s grandparents† (33). An emotional response is the result, making the results of the study seem more relevant and interesting.Both articles made a valid point in demanding the usage of a new term for the period between youth and adulthood. Clearly, evidence from both Arnett and Furstenberg et al show that there are differences not only in the social structure of today’s society but also in the role of a young adult. After World War II, the GI Bill encouraged young men who had served in the military to receive an education through subsidies and then settle down to raise a family. No longer is there a need to support parents during this phase of life; convers ely it is usually the parents who provide financial and other support to their emerging adults. No longer do older children feel obligated to stay at home but often go through a variety of residences as they experience life in college, romantic relationships and explorations of the world at large.There has also been a change in economics not only in the United States but in the world at large. These changes are reflected in the lack of job security which often necessitates the need for further education and training (Smith). Women, in particular, have experienced a changing role due to economics. No longer expected to stay at home and be a mother, most couples find it financially necessary for the woman to obtain a job and in order to find one that is well-paying, she, too, must get an education. There is a greater percentage of young adults in today’s society who receive an education which is necessary to compete in today’s top job markets.The three indicators of adul thood which are agreed upon by both Arnett and Furstenberg et al are: financial independence, completion of education and a stable, independent home. Back in the 1950’s most were considered adults if they were married and had children while the husband held a job which could sustain his family. Today’s young adults are putting off marriage in favor of completing their educational requirements and exploring their independence. Many of them experience a delay of a decade or more between the completion of high school and the start of life as a couple (Smith).The research in both Arnett’s (2000) and Furstenberg’s et al (2004) articles is just the beginning of studying a life phase which merits further investigation. While both articles were well-written and appealed to the logos and ethos of their readers in a comprehensive manner by citing appropriate research and evidence, it was Furstenberg’s study â€Å"Growing up is harder to do† however, t hat a made for a more compelling read based on its use of pathos in the writing style. The concepts and facts outlined were compelling and it will be interesting to note what further research comes about based on their conclusions and recommendations for reform of educational and military establishments.Works CitedArnett, Jeffrey J. â€Å"Emerging Adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties†. American Psychologist, May 2000. 55:5, 469-80.Furstenberg, Jr., Frank, Kennedy, Sheela, McLoyd, Vonnie C., Rumbaut, Ruben G. and Settersten, Jr., Richard A. â€Å"Growing up is harder to do†. American Sociological Association, 2004. 3:3, 33-41.Smith, Christian. â€Å"Getting a life†. Books & Culture, 2007. Retrieved December 11, 2007 from the Books & Culture Website: http://www.christianitytoday.com/bc/2007/006/2.10.html.

Bad habits

â€Å"There are a thousand excuses for failure, but never a good reason†, I agree. Some psychologists think that bad and good habits people get through lifetime period. If so, then people can get rid of undesirable habits, but how? Some people would say that to get rid of bad habits is easy when person has a desire. Also, some will say that who love God can rely on his help and blessing. However, a lot of people would say that it is not that easy to kick a bad habit.In fact, bad habits affect our lives actively, but when person follow these steps, she can easily overcome a problem. First of all, people should find a motivation to stop a bad habit. A person who has a motivation is always looking for solutions while others are looking for reasons and excuses. Before person makes any bad move in her life, she should ask herself one question: â€Å"For what or for whom I should stop doing a bad habit? † A lot of people would say that it is not worth it. However, some people would stop their bad habit for the loved ones.For example, there is could be internal reason for solving this robber. People often break bad habits because they do not want to spoil their children. Moreover, children usually pick up bad habits from parents and peers. To prevent that unlikable situation, parents would do their best for break a habit. Also, smoking is a cause of heart and lung diseases. Moreover, smoking can cause a cancer. 90% of lung cancer patients developed their disease because of smoking. There is, also, external reason for motivation. For example, smoking is a cause of yellow teeth, super dry skin and breaking hair.Smokers often are nervous, irritable, old not focus their thoughts, and could not sleep well. These causes affect peoples social life in many ways. Therefore, smokers have difficulties in Job interviews and relationships because they have low self-esteem and self-confidence. All in all, West Virginia University about the bad habits say:† if yo u want to quit smoking, you should focus on decreasing your risk of lung cancer and heart disease. If you are driven by positive motivation, think of how much whiter your teeth will be and how much more breath you will have when you climb stairs.Also, you will save some money by not eying cigarettes. † Second, create conditions and be away from people who have bad addictions. People learn the features of behavior in their environment. It is very difficult to deny alcohol in the cheerful company of friends. In Russia, for instance, when people are visiting each other at home, they should drink three shots of vodka before they enter the house. However, even when person is not drinking at all, householder finds it unrepeatable and would not ask that person to come to his house again.Another example, at the party there are two groups: in-group and out- roof. In-group people are those who run the party. Of course, alcohol is included for this group. However, people from out-group d o not have bad addictions. In-group can make bad Jokes and encourage drinking, and out-group does not feel themselves such as all, so they Just can give up. Nevertheless, not only alcohol can make people in-group. Furthermore, if person is attractive, interesting and outgoing, he do not need alcohol to be in-group. Briefly, to be separated from those who have bad habits, does not mean to be away from them.It is mean, that people should put a task in heir head, for do not give up on the goal to break a habit.. That is how people separate themselves at parties. Briefly, people should follow some quote in life, for pushing themselves for something valuable. Third, people should never give up, but go to their target to the end. People should not be disappointed after the first obstacle. This is not the end of the world. Nothing comes easy, especially when people are trying to get rid of bad habits that exist in their lives. For instance, I knew the girl Katherine. She was drinking beer every single night.Katherine wasn't aware of her problem until she got an addiction to alcohol. Moreover, she lost communication with her friends. For them, she was simply alcoholic. She was like a blind Capitan who can not notice a leak in the vessel until it finally sinking. Soon, Katherine understood that she needs to get rid of her addiction. For this purpose, Katherine started looking for a solution. After a lot of tries, she finally found a solution. Instead of bottle of beer, she was drinking a glass of orange Juice. There were a lot of doubts from her friends that she not going to cake it.They Just did not believe in her. Although, she did not give herself up, but was fighting with her bad habit till it gone. Indeed, Katherine throws away a bad habit of her because she believed in herself. Fourth, do not make any exceptions. When people decide to kick bad habits, in any case or situations do not give concessions. Once people start thinking: â€Å"Oh, today is a nervous day, so I can smoke one cigarette†, or â€Å"l would not gain weight if I will have some ice-cream. † Our bad habits begin to fight for a place in people's life. When people make exceptions, it s an illusion to break a bad habit.The number of exceptions will increase every day until the bad habit will not take his place again. For example, humans can imagine that our good and bad habits like two wolves that always are fighting with each other. Who will win? Answer is the wolf whom you feed will win. Nevertheless, stop feed and give support to a bad habit. â€Å"If you do not pour water on your plant, what will happen? It will slowly wither and die. Our habits will also slowly wither and die away if we do not give them an opportunity to manifest. You need not fight to stop a habit.Just don't give it an opportunity to repeat itself. (67)† ? Swami Statisticians, The Yoga Sutras. Last step is to imagine you without a bad habit. Just turn an imagination, and you will see yourself succeed. The people are very likable to a person without a bad habit. People don't like see you hiding your hands because of bitten nails or smell the cigarette smoke from someone's mouth. Let it all go! Imagine, when you are going to give a speech in front of many people, you would not stammer in front of audience, but behave discreetly and fluently. Imagination acts as hypnosis.If a person presents himself without bad habits, he subconsciously is hypnotize himself to quit one. As a result, a person could get rid of the bad habit. For instance, I was biting my nails. I wanted to quit hundreds of times, but couldn't. Then I started imagine myself as a bride, but how bride would have bitten nails in the ceremony? How the groom would put the ring on the bride hand? Consequently, I quit biting my nails. In short, imagination helped me to get rid of nail biting problem. Imagination set a desire to be better person, and to increase in someone's eyes.TO conclude, bad addictions c ause an unpleasant influence in our life. Bad habits have negative impact on people's health and social life. However, people can overcome them by find a motivation, create conditions and be away from people with bad habits, never give up, do not make any exceptions, and turn imagination in which there is no place for a bad habit. â€Å"Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy to get into, but hard to get out of. † ?Unknown. If people would follow these steps, they can kick bad habits very willingly. Bad habits â€Å"There are a thousand excuses for failure, but never a good reason†, I agree. Some psychologists think that bad and good habits people get through lifetime period. If so, then people can get rid of undesirable habits, but how? Some people would say that to get rid of bad habits is easy when person has a desire. Also, some will say that who love God can rely on his help and blessing. However, a lot of people would say that it is not that easy to kick a bad habit.In fact, bad habits affect our lives actively, but when person follow these steps, she can easily overcome a problem. First of all, people should find a motivation to stop a bad habit. A person who has a motivation is always looking for solutions while others are looking for reasons and excuses. Before person makes any bad move in her life, she should ask herself one question: â€Å"For what or for whom I should stop doing a bad habit? † A lot of people would say that it is not worth it. However, some people would stop their bad habit for the loved ones.For example, there is could be internal reason for solving this robber. People often break bad habits because they do not want to spoil their children. Moreover, children usually pick up bad habits from parents and peers. To prevent that unlikable situation, parents would do their best for break a habit. Also, smoking is a cause of heart and lung diseases. Moreover, smoking can cause a cancer. 90% of lung cancer patients developed their disease because of smoking. There is, also, external reason for motivation. For example, smoking is a cause of yellow teeth, super dry skin and breaking hair.Smokers often are nervous, irritable, old not focus their thoughts, and could not sleep well. These causes affect peoples social life in many ways. Therefore, smokers have difficulties in Job interviews and relationships because they have low self-esteem and self-confidence. All in all, West Virginia University about the bad habits say:† if yo u want to quit smoking, you should focus on decreasing your risk of lung cancer and heart disease. If you are driven by positive motivation, think of how much whiter your teeth will be and how much more breath you will have when you climb stairs.Also, you will save some money by not eying cigarettes. † Second, create conditions and be away from people who have bad addictions. People learn the features of behavior in their environment. It is very difficult to deny alcohol in the cheerful company of friends. In Russia, for instance, when people are visiting each other at home, they should drink three shots of vodka before they enter the house. However, even when person is not drinking at all, householder finds it unrepeatable and would not ask that person to come to his house again.Another example, at the party there are two groups: in-group and out- roof. In-group people are those who run the party. Of course, alcohol is included for this group. However, people from out-group d o not have bad addictions. In-group can make bad Jokes and encourage drinking, and out-group does not feel themselves such as all, so they Just can give up. Nevertheless, not only alcohol can make people in-group. Furthermore, if person is attractive, interesting and outgoing, he do not need alcohol to be in-group. Briefly, to be separated from those who have bad habits, does not mean to be away from them.It is mean, that people should put a task in heir head, for do not give up on the goal to break a habit.. That is how people separate themselves at parties. Briefly, people should follow some quote in life, for pushing themselves for something valuable. Third, people should never give up, but go to their target to the end. People should not be disappointed after the first obstacle. This is not the end of the world. Nothing comes easy, especially when people are trying to get rid of bad habits that exist in their lives. For instance, I knew the girl Katherine. She was drinking beer every single night.Katherine wasn't aware of her problem until she got an addiction to alcohol. Moreover, she lost communication with her friends. For them, she was simply alcoholic. She was like a blind Capitan who can not notice a leak in the vessel until it finally sinking. Soon, Katherine understood that she needs to get rid of her addiction. For this purpose, Katherine started looking for a solution. After a lot of tries, she finally found a solution. Instead of bottle of beer, she was drinking a glass of orange Juice. There were a lot of doubts from her friends that she not going to cake it.They Just did not believe in her. Although, she did not give herself up, but was fighting with her bad habit till it gone. Indeed, Katherine throws away a bad habit of her because she believed in herself. Fourth, do not make any exceptions. When people decide to kick bad habits, in any case or situations do not give concessions. Once people start thinking: â€Å"Oh, today is a nervous day, so I can smoke one cigarette†, or â€Å"l would not gain weight if I will have some ice-cream. † Our bad habits begin to fight for a place in people's life. When people make exceptions, it s an illusion to break a bad habit.The number of exceptions will increase every day until the bad habit will not take his place again. For example, humans can imagine that our good and bad habits like two wolves that always are fighting with each other. Who will win? Answer is the wolf whom you feed will win. Nevertheless, stop feed and give support to a bad habit. â€Å"If you do not pour water on your plant, what will happen? It will slowly wither and die. Our habits will also slowly wither and die away if we do not give them an opportunity to manifest. You need not fight to stop a habit.Just don't give it an opportunity to repeat itself. (67)† ? Swami Statisticians, The Yoga Sutras. Last step is to imagine you without a bad habit. Just turn an imagination, and you will see yourself succeed. The people are very likable to a person without a bad habit. People don't like see you hiding your hands because of bitten nails or smell the cigarette smoke from someone's mouth. Let it all go! Imagine, when you are going to give a speech in front of many people, you would not stammer in front of audience, but behave discreetly and fluently. Imagination acts as hypnosis.If a person presents himself without bad habits, he subconsciously is hypnotize himself to quit one. As a result, a person could get rid of the bad habit. For instance, I was biting my nails. I wanted to quit hundreds of times, but couldn't. Then I started imagine myself as a bride, but how bride would have bitten nails in the ceremony? How the groom would put the ring on the bride hand? Consequently, I quit biting my nails. In short, imagination helped me to get rid of nail biting problem. Imagination set a desire to be better person, and to increase in someone's eyes.TO conclude, bad addictions c ause an unpleasant influence in our life. Bad habits have negative impact on people's health and social life. However, people can overcome them by find a motivation, create conditions and be away from people with bad habits, never give up, do not make any exceptions, and turn imagination in which there is no place for a bad habit. â€Å"Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy to get into, but hard to get out of. † ?Unknown. If people would follow these steps, they can kick bad habits very willingly.